Umbiko Wocwaningo Olujulile Ngemboni Yokugcina Amandla: Buyekeza kanye ne-Outlook

1.1 Uguquko: Amasistimu Amandla Amasha Ahlangabezana Nezinselele

Enqubweni ye-"carbon dual", inani lokukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya kanye nelanga likhula ngokushesha.Isakhiwo sokuphakelwa kwamandla sizothuthuka kancane kancane ngenqubo “yekhabhoni embaxambili”, futhi isabelo sokuphakelwa kukagesi okungewona wezinsalela sizokhula ngokushesha.Njengamanje, i-China isathembele kakhulu emandleni ashisayo.Ngo-2020, ukuphehlwa kukagesi waseShayina kufinyelele ku-5.33 trillion kWh, okubalelwa ku-71.2%;Ingxenye yokuphehlwa kukagesi ingu-7.51%.

Ukusheshisa kwamandla omoya kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi ye-photovoltaic kubangela izinselele ezinhlelweni zamandla amasha.Amayunithi avamile wamandla ashisayo anamandla okucindezela amandla angalingani okubangelwa izinguquko kwimodi yokusebenza noma ukulayisha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwegridi, futhi abe nokuzinza okuqinile nokuphikisana nokuphazamiseka.Ngokuthuthuka kwenqubo “yekhabhoni embili”, isilinganiso samandla omoya namandla elanga sikhula kancane kancane, futhi ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ezintsha zamandla kubhekana nezinselele eziningi.

I-1) Amandla omoya anokungahleliwe okuqinile futhi okukhiphayo kubonisa izici zomthwalo ohlehlayo.Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwansuku zonke kwamandla omoya kungafinyelela ku-80% womthamo ofakiwe, futhi ukushintshashintsha okungahleliwe kwenza amandla omoya angakwazi ukuphendula ukungalingani kwamandla ohlelweni.Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwamandla omoya ikakhulukazi kusesekuseni kakhulu, futhi okukhiphayo kuncane kakhulu kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa, kunezici ezibalulekile zomthwalo ohlehlayo.
2) Inani lokuguquguquka kokuphuma kwansuku zonke kwe-photovoltaic lingafinyelela ku-100% womthamo ofakiwe.Uma sithatha isifunda saseCalifornia e-United States njengesibonelo, ukwanda okuqhubekayo komthamo ofakiwe we-photovoltaic kuye kwaphakamisa isidingo sokushefa okuphezulu okusheshayo kweminye imithombo yamandla ohlelweni lwamandla, futhi inani lokuguquguquka lokuphuma kwe-photovoltaic nsuku zonke lingafinyelela ngisho ku-100%.
Izici ezine eziyisisekelo zesistimu entsha yamandla: Isistimu yamandla entsha inezici ezine eziyisisekelo:

I-1) Ixhumeke kakhulu: ukwakha inkundla yenethiwekhi yokuxhumana eqinile, engafinyelela ukuhambisana kwesizini, umoya, amanzi kanye nokulungiswa okufanayo komlilo, isinxephezelo nokulawulwa kwesifunda esinqamula isifunda kanye nesiphambano, futhi kuzuzwe ukwabelana nokusekela izinsiza ezihlukahlukene zokuphehla amandla;
2) Ukusebenzisana okuhlakaniphile: hlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuxhumana namandla kagesi Ukuhlangana kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze kwakhiwe igridi yamandla ibe uhlelo olubonayo kakhulu, olusebenzisa izindlela ezimbili futhi olusebenza kahle;
3) Iyavumelana nezimo futhi ivumelana nezimo: Igridi yamandla kufanele ibe nekhono ngokugcwele lokulawula ukuphakama nemvamisa, ifinyelele izici eziguquguqukayo nezivumelana nezimo, futhi ithuthukise ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka;
4) Iphephile futhi iyalawuleka: ukuzuza ukunwetshwa okuhlanganisiwe kwamazinga kagesi we-AC kanye ne-DC, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwesistimu kanye nezingozi ezinkulu.

1.2 Ukushayela: Isidingo sezinhlangothi ezintathu siqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokugcinwa kwamandla
Ohlotsheni olusha lwesistimu yamandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla kuyadingeka kuma-loop node amaningi, okwenza isakhiwo esisha "sesitoreji samandla +".Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sempahla yokugcina amandla ohlangothini lokuphakelwa kukagesi, ohlangothini lwegridi, nasohlangothini lomsebenzisi.
1) Uhlangothi lwamandla: Ukugcinwa kwamandla kungasetshenziswa ezinsizeni ezisizayo zokulawula imvamisa yamandla, imithombo yamandla eyisipele, ukuguquguquka kokuphumayo okushelelayo, nezinye izimo zokuxazulula izinkinga zokungaqini kahle kwegridi nokulahlwa kwamandla okubangelwa ukuphehlwa kwamandla omoya namandla elanga.
2) Uhlangothi lwegridi: Isitoreji samandla singabamba iqhaza ekushefinini okuphezulu nasekulawuleni imvamisa yegridi yamandla, kwehlise ukuminyana kwemishini yokudlulisela, kuthuthukise ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamandla, njll. Indima yaso eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwegridi yamandla. .
3) Uhlangothi lwabasebenzisi: Abasebenzisi bangahlomisa amadivaysi okugcina amandla ukuze bonge izindleko ngokushefa okuphezulu nokugcwalisa isigodi, basungule imithombo yamandla eyisipele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwamandla, nokuthuthukisa imithombo yamandla eselula kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo.

Uhlangothi lwamandla: Isitoreji samandla sinesilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke sohlelo lokusebenza ohlangothini lwamandla.Ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji samandla ohlangothini lwamandla ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa izici zegridi yamandla, ukubamba iqhaza kumasevisi asizayo, ukuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kokugeleza kwamandla nokunciphisa ukuminyana, nokuhlinzeka ngesipele.Ukunikezwa kwamandla okugxilwe ikakhulukazi ekugcineni ibhalansi yesidingo segridi yamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okushelelayo kwamandla omoya namandla elanga.

Uhlangothi lwegridi: Ukugcinwa kwamandla kungathuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuhamba kwesakhiwo sohlelo, kuvumele ukwabiwa kwesikhashana nendawo yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa izindleko.Ukusetshenziswa kokugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lwegridi kuhlanganisa izici ezine: ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, ukutshalwa kwezimali okubambezelekile, ukulondoloza ikhophi yesimo esiphuthumayo, nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yamandla.

Uhlangothi lomsebenzisi: ikakhulukazi oluqondiswe kubasebenzisi.Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lwabasebenzisi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukushefa okuphezulu nokugcwalisa isigodi, ukunikezwa kwamandla okusekelayo, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, ukugcinwa kwamandla omphakathi, ukwethembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla, nezinye izinkambu.Uhlangothi lomsebenzisi